high-income, export-based EU and eurozone economy; major timber, metals, engineering, telecom, and electronics industries; emerging from recession triggered by inflation, weak consumer and export demand, and lower private investment; labor market reform plan to address structural rigidities
. Key agricultural products in this country include: milk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, pork, chicken, peas, beef (2022).Labor force | 2.846 million (2022 est.) |
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Industrial production growth rate | 0.04% (2022 est.) |
Industries | metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing |
Population below poverty line | 12.7% (2021 est.) |
Taxes and other revenues | 20.65% (of GDP) (2021 est.) |
Fiscal year | |
Exchange rates | |
Currency | euros (EUR) per US dollar - |
Exchange rates 2022 | 0.95 (2022 est.) |
Exchange rates 2021 | 0.845 (2021 est.) |
Exchange rates 2020 | 0.876 (2020 est.) |
Exchange rates 2019 | 0.893 (2019 est.) |
Exchange rates 2018 | 0.847 (2018 est.) |
Debt - external | |
Debt - external 2019 | $631.549 billion (2019 est.) |
Debt - external 2018 | $536.301 billion (2018 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold | |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022 | $16.036 billion (2022 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021 | $16.744 billion (2021 est.) |
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2020 | $13.48 billion (2020 est.) |
Current account balance | |
Current account balance 2022 | -$7.318 billion (2022 est.) |
Current account balance 2021 | $1.222 billion (2021 est.) |
Current account balance 2020 | $1.734 billion (2020 est.) |
Public debt | |
Public debt 2017 | 61.3% of GDP (2017 est.) |
Public debt 2016 | 62.9% of GDP (2016 est.) |
Budget | |
Revenues | $140.643 billion (2020 est.) |
Expenditures | $153.635 billion (2020 est.) |
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-) | -0.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.) |
Remittances | |
Remittances 2022 | 0.21% of GDP (2022 est.) |
Remittances 2021 | 0.23% of GDP (2021 est.) |
Remittances 2020 | 0.22% of GDP (2020 est.) |
Household income | |
Lowest 10% | 3.9% |
Highest 10% | 22.6% (2020 est.) |
Average household expenditures | |
On food | 12% of household expenditures (2021 est.) |
On alcohol and tobacco | 5% of household expenditures (2021 est.) |
Imports | |
Imports 2022 | $134.721 billion (2022 est.) |
Imports 2021 | $116.72 billion (2021 est.) |
Imports 2020 | $97.037 billion (2020 est.) |
Imports (partners) | Sweden 15%, Germany 14%, China 8%, Norway 7%, Netherlands 6% (2022) |
Comodities Imports force | crude petroleum, refined petroleum, cars, garments, electricity (2022) |
Exports | |
Imports 2022 | $134.721 billion (2022 est.) |
Imports 2021 | $116.72 billion (2021 est.) |
Imports 2020 | $97.037 billion (2020 est.) |
Exports (partners) | Germany 11%, US 10%, Sweden 10%, Netherlands 7%, China 5% (2022) |
Comodities Exports force | paper, refined petroleum, steel, wood pulp, wood (2022) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) | |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022 | $274.576 billion (2022 est.) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021 | $270.247 billion (2021 est.) |
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020 | $261.941 billion (2020 est.) |
GDP (official exchange rate) | $282.896 billion (2022 est.) |
Real GDP Per capita | |
Real GDP per capita 2022 | $49,400 (2022 est.) |
Real GDP per capita 2021 | $48,800 (2021 est.) |
Real GDP per capita 2020 | $47,400 (2020 est.) |
GDP - composition, by sector of origin | |
Agriculture | 2.7% (2017 est.) |
Industry | 28.2% (2017 est.) |
Services | 69.1% (2017 est.) |
GDP - composition, by end use | |
Household consumption | 54.4% (2017 est.) |
Government consumption | 22.9% (2017 est.) |
Investment in fixed capital | 22.1% (2017 est.) |
Investment in inventories | 0.4% (2017 est.) |
Exports of goods and services | 38.5% (2017 est.) |
Imports of goods and services | -38.2% (2017 est.) |
Unemployment rate | |
Unemployment rate 2022 | 6.72% (2022 est.) |
Unemployment rate 2021 | 7.61% (2021 est.) |
Unemployment rate 2020 | 7.76% (2020 est.) |
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24) | |
Total | 18.1% (2021 est.) |
Male | 19% |
Female | 17.1% |
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