Mongolia - Government
Based on the etymolgy of Mongolia, it was the name means "Land of the Mongols" in Latin; the Mongolian name Mongol Uls translates as "Mongol State". The Government system in this country is the semi-presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs
National symbols
Soyombo emblem; national colors: red, blue, yellow.
The flag
The National flag of Mongolia has three, equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol); blue represents the sky, red symbolizes progress and prosperity.
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The National Anthem
| Title | "Mongol ulsyn toriin duulal" (National Anthem of Mongolia) |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | Tsendiin DAMDINSUREN/Bilegiin DAMDINSUREN and Luvsanjamts MURJORJ |
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note: music adopted 1950, lyrics adopted 2006; lyrics altered on numerous occasions
More about the government of Mongolia
| Date of Independence | 29 December 1911 (independence declared from China; in actuality, autonomy attained); 11 July 1921 (from China) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Naadam (games) holiday (commemorates independence from China in the 1921 Revolution), 11-15 July; Constitution Day (marks the date that the Mongolian People's Republic was created under a new constitution), 26 November (1924) |
| Legal system | civil law system influenced by Soviet and Romano-Germanic legal systems; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts |
| International law organization participation | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest adopted 13 January 1992, effective 12 February 1992 |
| Amendments | Proposed by the State Great Hural, by the president of the republic, by the government, or by petition submitted to the State Great Hural by the Constitutional Court; conducting referenda on proposed amendments requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the State Great Hural; passage of amendments by the State Great Hural requires at least three-quarters majority vote; passage by referendum requires majority participation of qualified voters and a majority of votes; amended 1999, 2000, 2019, 2023; note - an amendment passed in a referendum held in May 2023 increased the seats in the State Great Hural from 76 to 126 |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | no |
| Citizenship by descent only | both parents must be citizens of Mongolia; one parent if born within Mongolia |
| Dual citizenship recognized | no |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 5 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (since 25 June 2021) |
| Head of government | Prime Minister Luvsannamsrai OYUN-ERDENE (since 27 January 2021) |
| Cabinet | directly appointed by the prime minister following a constitutional amendment ratified in November 2019; prior to the amendment, the cabinet was nominated by the prime minister in consultation with the president and confirmed by the State Great Hural (parliament) |
| Elections/appointments | presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in the State Great Hural and directly elected by simple majority popular vote for one 6-year term; election last held on 9 June 2021 (next to be held in 2027); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by the State Great Hural |
| Election results | 2021: Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH elected president in first round; percent of vote - Ukhnaagiin KHURELSUKH (MPP) 68%, Dangaasuren ENKHBAT (RPEC) 20.1%, Sodnomzundui ERDENE (DP) 6% |
| Legislative branch | |
| Description | Unicameral State Great Hural or Ulsyn Ikh Khural (126 seats; 78 members directly elected in a selected constituency by simple majority vote and 48 members directly elected by proportional representation vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - a constitutional referendum passed in May 2023 increased the number of seats from 76 to 126 |
| Elections | Last held on 24 June 2020 (next to be held 30 June 2024) |
| Election results | Percent of vote by party - MPP 44.9%, DP 24.5%, Our Coalition 8.1%, independent 8.7%, Right Person Electorate Coalition 5.2%, other 8.5%; seats by party - MPP 62, DP 11, Our Coalition 1, Right Person Electorate Coalition 1, independent 1; composition - 59 men, 13 women; percentage women 18.1% |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Court (consists of the Chief Justice and 24 judges organized into civil, criminal, and administrative chambers); Constitutional Court or Tsets (consists of the chairman and 8 members) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Supreme Court chief justice and judges appointed by the president upon recommendation by the General Council of Courts - a 14-member body of judges and judicial officials - to the State Great Hural; appointment is for life; chairman of the Constitutional Court elected from among its members; members appointed from nominations by the State Great Hural - 3 each by the president, the State Great Hural, and the Supreme Court; appointment is 6 years; chairmanship limited to a single renewable 3-year term |
| Subordinate courts | Aimag (provincial) and capital city appellate courts; soum, inter-soum, and district courts; Administrative Cases Courts |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador BATBAYAR Ulziidelger (since 1 December 2021) |
| Chancery | 2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 333-7117 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 298-9227 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] http://mongolianembassy.us/ |
| Consulate(s) general | New York, San Francisco |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Richard L. BUANGAN (since November 2022) |
| Embassy | Denver Street #3, 11th Micro-District, Ulaanbaatar 14190 |
| Mailing address | 4410 Ulaanbaatar Place, Washington DC 20521-4410 |
| Telephone | [976] 7007-6001 |
| FAX | [976] 7007-6174 |
| Email address and website | [email protected] https://mn.usembassy.gov/ |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 6 (4 cultural, 2 natural) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Uvs Nuur Basin (n); Orkhon Valley Cultural Landscape (c); Petroglyphic Complexes of the Mongolian Altai (c); Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and surrounding sacred landscape (c); Landscapes of Dauria (n); Deer Stone Monuments and Related Bronze Age Sites (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Mongolia
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note: 36 total parties registered for the 2020 legislative elections to the State Great Hural
International organization participation
All Important Facts about Mongolia
Want to know more about Mongolia? Check all different factbooks for Mongolia below.
