The Government of San Marino

San Marino - Government

Based on the etymolgy of San Marino, it was named after Saint MARINUS, who in A.D. 301 founded the monastic settlement around which the city and later the state of San Marino coalesced. The Government system in this country is the parliamentary republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle

National symbols

Three peaks each displaying a tower; national colors: white, blue.

The flag

The National flag of San Marino has two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the main colors derive from the shield of the coat of arms, which features three white towers on three peaks on a blue field; the towers represent three castles built on San Marino's highest feature, Mount Titano: Guaita, Cesta, and Montale; the coat of arms is flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty); the white and blue colors are also said to stand for peace and liberty respectively.

The National Anthem

Title	"Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)
Lyric/music	no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO

note: adopted 1894; the music for the lyric-less anthem is based on a 10th century chorale piece

More about the government of San Marino

Constitution
Date of Independence	3 September 301 (traditional founding date)
National holiday	Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)
Legal system	civil law system with Italian civil law influences
International law organization participation	has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
History	San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974
Amendments	Proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum; Declaration of Civil Rights amended several times, last in 2019
Citizenship
Citizenship by birth	no
Citizenship by descent only	at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino
Dual citizenship recognized	no
Residency requirement for naturalization	30 years
Executive Branch
Chief of state	co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Alessandro ROSSI and Milena GASPERONI (for the period 1 April 2024 - 30 September 2024)
Head of government	Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
Cabinet	Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
Elections/appointments	co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; election last held in March 2024 (next to be held in September 2024; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term; election last held on 28 December 2019 (next to be held by November 2024)
Election results	March 2024: Alessandro ROSSI (Demos) and Milena GASPERONI (We for the Republic) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA September 2023: Filippo TAMAGNINI and Gaetano TROINA elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA 2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
Legislative branch
Description	Unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande e Generale (60 seats; members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by list proportional representation vote in 2 rounds if needed; members serve 5-year terms)
Elections	Last held on 9 June 2024 (next to be held by 30 June 2029)
Election results	Percent of vote by party/coalition - (PDCS 34.1% & AR 6.9% coalition), (PS 15.8% & PSD 12.2% coalition), RF 12%, DML 8.5%, RETE 5.1% seats by party/coalition - (PDCS 22 & AR 4 coalition), (PS 10 & PSD 8 coalition), RF 8, DML 5, RETE 3, composition - men 37, women 23, percentage women 38.3%
Judicial branch
Highest court(s)	Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members); note - the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
Judge selection and term of office	Judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
Subordinate courts	First instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges
Diplomatic representation in the US
Chief of mission	Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
Chancery	327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
Telephone	[1] (212) 751-1234
FAX	[1] (212) 751-1436
Email address and website	[email protected] Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Diplomatic representation from the US
Chief of mission	Ambassador Jack Markell (since September 2023); note - also accredited to Italy
Embassy	The United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties
National heritage
Total World Heritage Sites	1 (cultural)
Selected World Heritage Site locales	San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano